Walking manikin.



H. A. MANN.

WALKING MANIKIN.

APPLIO'ATION FILED JULY 11,1910.

1,008,348, Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

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H. A. MANN. WALKING MANIKIN.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 11,1910.

Patented Nbv.14,1911.

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WALKING MANIKIN.

APPLIUATIOI FILED JULY 11, r19.110.

Patented No'v.14,1911.

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coLUMmA PLANOGHAPH cn., WASHINGTON. n4 c4 H. A. MANN.

WALKING MANIKIN.

Patented Nov. 14,1911.

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APPLICATION FILED JULY 11, 1910.

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H. A. MANN.

WALKING MANIKIN. APPLIOATION FILED JULY 11,1910'.

1,008,348. Patented N0v.14,1911.

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IUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VHORACE A. MANN, OBERLIN, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO T. H. ROWLAND,OF

OBERLIN, OHIO.

WALKING MANIKIN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 14., 1911.

Application filed July 11, 1910. Serial No. 571,272.

.To all rw'wm it may concern:

Be it known that I, HORACE A. MANN, a citizen of the United States,Oberlin, county of Lorain, and State of Ohio, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Walking Manikins, of which the following is aspecification, the principle of the invention being herein explained andt-he best mode in which I have contemplated applying that principle, soas to distinguish it from other inventions.

My invention relates to walking manikins, its object being to provide amanikin which will as nearly as possible simulate the act of walking ofa human being.

The said invention consists of means hereinafter fully described andparticularly set forth in the claims.

The annexed drawings and the following description set forth in detailcertain mechanism embodying my invention, the disclosed means, however,constituting but one of various mechanical forms in which the principleof the invention may be used.

In said annexed drawings :-Figure 1 is a vertical axial section of thesupport showing the propelling mechanism and manikin in elevation. Fig.2 is an enlarged detail front elevation, and Fig. 3 is a side elevationon the same scale, of the propelling wheel and adjacent parts detached.Fig. 4 is a plan of the support and propelling mechanism. Fig. 5 is adetail on an enlarged scale of part of the operating mechanism. Fig. 6is a side elevation of the manikin. Fig. 7 is a. rear elevation of theupper portion of such manikin showing also the operating mechanismtherefor. Fig. 8 is a sectionof the manikin body, showing the interiormechanism. Fig. 9 is a detail elevation of parts of the interioroperating mechanism of the manikin. Fig. 1() is a curve illustrating thepath of movement of the lower end of the main thigh member. Fig. 11 is aside elevation of the lower part of the manikin together with theropelling mechanism illustrating the mani in in the positie-11 in whichthe forward leg has just been placed down, and the rear leg is about tobe lifted and moved forward. Fig. 1Q is a view similar to that of Fig.11, showing the position of the parts after the manikin has assumed aposition in advance of that illustrated in Fig. 12. Figs. 13 and 14 areviews similar to that shown in Fig. 11,

resident of 4 showing further successive positions in advance of thatshown in said Fig. 12. Fig. 15 is an elevation of the leg which is shownin Fig. 11 to be in the rear, and after it has reached its farthermostforward position and the foot has been placed upon the walk. Fig. 16 isan elevation of the main thigh member, together with two .cross sectionsthereof taken upon the planes indicated by broken lines, and as viewedin the direction indicated by the arrows adjacent thereto. Fig. 16a is adetail view of the secondary thigh member of the manikin. Fig. 17 is anelevation of the main lower leg member, together with a side elevationthereof and a section taken upon the plane indicated by the brokenlines, and in the direction indicated by the arrows adjacent thereto.Fig. 17:3L is an elevation of the secondary lower leg member. Fig. 18 isan elevation of the ankle member. Fig. 19 is a cross section of the footmember with ankle member attached. 4

For containing the propelling mechanism and forming the walk upon whichthe mani` kin travels, a circular box A is provided, which is providedupon the upper surface with an annular walk a. Fixedly secured in avertical position to the bottom of the box is a post B. The circularspace in the center of the upper portion of the box is partiallyoccupied by a disk A', leaving an annular space a between the walk andperiphery of the disk, which rests upon the upper end b of a sleeve B',which is rotatable upon the post B. Upon the lower end of this sleeve isfixed a bevel gear B2 which engages with a bevel pinion B3 mounted in asuitable bearing c2. Connected with this pinion is a clutch-member bwhich majT engage with a shifting clutch member b2 rotatably secured toa driving shaft B4 whose outer end projects through the box and isprovided with a crank B5. Of course,

it will be understood that suitable automati cally operating means maybe provided, such as an electric motor, and suitably connected with thisshaft B4 for operating the device. The clutch member b2 is actuated by ashifting rod B8, whereby'the shaft B4 may be thrown into or out ofoperative relation with the pinion B2. Also fixedly secured to thesleeve B is a second bevel gear B7 which meshes with a bevel pinion BBfixedly secured upon a horizontal propelling lOO ' preferably made ofrubber,

shaft B0, which is mounted in a frame B10 whose inner end is looselymounted upon the sleeve B. The inner end of the shaft has a bearing in aportion b of the frame, which is loosely mounted upon the upper end b ofthe sleeve B and above the bevel gear B7, as shown in Fig. l. The outerend of the shaft has a bearing in an upturned portion b4 of the frameB10. Upon the outer end of the shaft B9 is xedly secured a propellingwheel C, which is provided with diametrically opposite curved flattenedperipheral portions c c, Fig. 2. The outer face of this wheel isprovided with a slot 3 in which is the sliding member c adjustable insaid slot and adjustably fixed therein by means of a screw c2, as willbe readily understood. Mounted upon this adjustable sliding member c isone end of a connecting rod C, the articulation of this connecting rodbeing, as shown, eccentric with reference to the axis of rotation of thewheel C. The adjustment of the sliding member o by means of the screw o2will, as will be readily understood, vary the throw of the connectingrod, and hence of any other parts which may be attached thereto. Carriedby the upwardly projecting portion ZJ* of the bar B10 is a frame D, towhose lower surface are secured by any suitable means two rubberretarding members Z d.

Upon theinside and forming part of the box is an annular track A2 whichis located immediately below the path of travel of the propelling wheelC and retarding members Z CZ. These retarding members are and rest uponsaid track when the propelling wheel is in a position in which theflattened surfaces c c are contiguous to such track. The lower part ofthe frame D consists of a cross piece d upon whose two ends are pivotedthe two members Z2 Z2. This piece Z is provided with horizontal lugs Z3LZ2 having vertical threaded openings which receive adjusting screws Z5(Z5, whose lower ends bear against the upper surfaces ofl said membersZ2 Z2 carrying the retarding members' Z (Z. A spring Z0 tends to keepthe outer ends of members Z2 Z2 elevated. It will therefore be seen thatby means of the adjusting screw Z5 Z5 the relation of the propellingwheel C to the track when members Z Z are resting on the latter may bevaried. This permits the said wheel to have imparted to it a position inwhich the flattened portion c will either not come into frictionalengagement with the track A2, or have such slight engagement that thewheel will not travel when in this position.

As a result of the above described construction, it will be seen that byturning the shaft B, sleeve B will be rotated through the medium of gearB2 and pinion B0. This rotation will effect the rotation of gear B",

pinion B8, operating shaft B9, and through the latter the propellingwheel C, as well as the movement of wheel C on its track, and duringsuch rotation, it will be seen that when the circular portions c reachthe lower positions in their travel, they will engage the track A2, andin so doing raise the retarding members cZ Z and permit the wheel totravel along the track and carry with it the bar B10. When the wheeltravels farther and a distance sufficient to bring one of the flattenedsurfaces contiguous to the track, it will be seen that the frame D andbar B10 will be lowered until the retarding members Z Z come intocontact with the track A2, andthere will be a cessation of forwardmovement of the wheel depending upon the length of the flattened surfaceand the relation of the wheel with reference to the track A2 obtained bythe adjusting screws Z5 d5. It will therefore be seen that the wheelwill travel intermittently, periods of rest occurring between suchintermittent movements, such periods of rest depending upon the lengthof time that the wheel is out of operative contact with the track, whichlength of time depends upon the adjustment obtained, as beforedescribed, by the screws Z5 Z5.

The bar B10 extends over the wheel C, as shown in Fig. l, and thenprojects upwardly through the annular space a between the disk A and theannular walk a. Upon the upper end of this upwardly extending portion ofthe bar B10 is secured the manikin, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. Slidingbetween guides b5 secured to the bar B10 is a vertically reciprocatingmember E, Figs. 7, 8, 13 and 14. Upon the edge of the upper end of thismember E is formed a rack e which engages a pinion f secured to atransverse rock shaft f which is mounted in the body or trunk member Fof the manikin, these parts being specifically illustrated in Fig. y5.Fixedly secured to this rock shaft f is a gear segment G, Figs. 8 and 9.Mounted in the trunk member F and above rock shaft f are two separatelymounted rock shafts f2 f2, upon which are respectively secured two gearsG G2. Gear G meshes with the segment G, and gear G2 meshes with anintermediate pinion Gr3 which meshes also with the segment G, as shownin Fig. 8. The outer ends of the rock shafts f2 f2 are respectivelyprovided with rocker arms F and F2. The lower end of the reciprocatingmember E is connected with the upper end of the connecting'rod C. Therotation of the propelling wheel C will therefore effect thereciprocatlon of the member E, and hence the oscillation of the pinionf, rock shaft f and segment G. Through the latter the gears G G2 will beoscillated in opposite directions and so also the rock shafts f2 f2 andthe rocker arms F F2. These latter arms articulate with the leg membersof the Inanikin, and eect described.

The upper or shoulder and head portion H of themanikin, carrying the twoarms k, is made to form one element which is pivoted in the front andrear on the trunk member F by means of the screws l1. 71./ as shown inFig. 6. Pivoted on the interior of this head and shoulder member is abell crank H', Fig` 8, whose one arm h2 is rovided with a slot h3engaging a pin h* Xed to said member. The other arm h5 articulates witha connecting rod he which articulates with the gear G. The oscillationof this latter gear therefore will effect the rocking of the bell crank,and hence a sidewise rocking movement of the head and shoulder of themanikin while the latter is being propelled, simulating a similarmovement in a walking human being. The outside arm L of the manikin isoscillatorily mounted in the head and shoulder member, as shown in Fig.8, by means of a pin h". Fixed upon this pin is a rocker arm ha, whicharticulates with a connecting rod h" whose lower end is connected with asecond crank arm h1, fixed to the rock shaft f. The oscillation of therock shaft will therefore effect a swinging movement of the arm, alsosimulating a similar movement in a walking human being.

The two legs are identical in their structure, excepting in so far asthe parts are reversed so as to form a left and a right; a descriptionof the construction and operation of one leg will therefore suflice forthe other.

Each leg consists of a thigh member J, a lower leg member K, an anklemember L, and a foot member M. The thigh member comprises a main memberj and a secondary member y", Figs. 16 and 16a. The main member is ofchannel cross-section. The secondary thigh member 7" is slidably mountedin the interior of main member j, and is provided with a slot jz havingan upper transverse enlarged portion js. The rock shaft f projectsthrough a slot j* formed in the main thigh member, as shown in Fig. 16,and this slot registers with the slot jz in the secondary thigh member,the said rock shaft f rojecting through same also. It will there ore beseen that the secondary thigh member may slide in its longitudinaldirection, and when the pin is at the upper end of the slot may be movedlaterally7 a short distance, by reason of the provision of the enlargedtransverse portion j3. This secondary7 member is furthermore providedwith a second transverse slot 7'5 which is adapted to engage a secondpin j also secured to the main thigh member y'. This slot, as shown,intersects the rear edge of the secondary member so that when the upperportion of the latter is pushed forwardly the slot jf disengages the pinj, thus disengages the mits movement of the latter with reference to thesaid main thigh member, as will be secondary member, and perihereinafter explained. Having its upper 3 end secured to the trunkmember of the l manikin is a spring N which is given a few turns aboutthe shaft f', and has its 3 lower end connected with the lug j?projecting from the outer side of the secondary thigh member j, as shownin Figs. 11, 12,

13 and'14f. The lower end of this spring v therefore oscillates with thethigh member, as will be readily understood, and its ten- Fig. 13, thesecondary thigh member will be pushed forwardly so as to disengage the l13. This tension is furthermore such that, when the said leg is in itsfarthermost forl ward position the secondary member will` be pushedbackwardly so as to engage said,

' 19o parts thus far described operate pin j, as shown in dotted linesin said Fig.

pin, as shown in Fig. 11.

The leg as follows: Assumin position shown in rocker arm f is beingoscillated, the upper end of the main thigh member will be alsooscillated, the slotted construction thereof permitting, as will bereadily understood, a longitudinal direction of movement on the part ofsaid thigh member. As the manikin is now moved forward, the lower end ofthe thigh member moves forward, but the secondary thigh member is heldstation-1 ary with reference to the trunk member byi the rock shaft f',the latter in this position engaging the transverse portion js of theslot y'z. The leg-operating gear in the trunk member is so arranged thatthe rocker arms F F2 will swing in arcs above the horizontal planepassing through their axis of oscillation. The upper end of the mainthigh member will therefore swing in the direction indicated by thearrow in Fig. 13, and ai the same time be raised. A relative move mentof the main thigh member and secondary thigh member is thereforeeffected, sucl` relative movement being first downwardly, then upwardly,on the part of the secondaryl thigh member, the latter, however,actuallyr being mounted on a pivot fixed with refer ence to the trunk.This relative movemen effects a flexing of the lower leg member as willbe hereinafter described. Assuming now that the described leg hasreached it forward position, or that shown in Fig. 11 the spring N willhave shifted the secondary member rearwardly so as to cause a reengagement of the slot j and pin j". As th thigh member is nowoscillated in the o-ppc ysite direction, and consequently raised an thenlowered, the secondary thigh membe the parts to be 1n the ig. 13, andthat theg l80 s1on 1s such that when the said thlgh member 1s 1n itsrearmost position, as shown in 1 moves upwardly withthe main thighmember, and their relative position is stationary during this returnmovement of the leg. A given fixed point in the lower end of the mainthigh member will therefore describe a path indicated by the fullportion of the curve shown in Fig. 10, the dotted portion of this curvebeing that which would be described by said point in case the thighmember were oscillated by a complete revolut-ion of the rocker arm F. Byarranging the rocker arm F', however, so as to swing in an upper are,such as was described, a movement of the lower end of the thigh memberis caused to have a substantially ilat or straight path of travel. Byimparting such path of travel to this member, I am able to effect anearer simulation of the human act of walking than has heretofore beenobtained, in so far as I am aware, inasmuch as the knee of a human beingalso travels in a substantially straight line, or to be more exact,moves in the arc of a circle whose axis is the lower leg and Whosecenter is in the foot.

Pivoted upon the rear of the main thigh member is the lower leg member Kpivoted at 7c, and the main lower log member k articulat-es also withthe lower end of the secondary thigh member j at the point k2, Fig. 11.Theupper end of the main lower leg member is formed on an arc having theaxis lo of oscillation as a center, so that said upper end may swingwithout interference on the part of t-he main thi h member. It willtherefore be seen that t e oscillation o-f the thigh member from theposition shown in Fig. 13, which as before explained, rst effects arelative downward and then a relative upward movement on the part of thesecondary thigh member j', will cause the main lower leg member to flex.Such flexed position of the one leg is shown in Fig. 141, and of theother leg in Fig. 12. As the leg reaches its foremost position, thelower leg member will have been again brought into alinement with thethigh member, as shown in Fig. 1l.

The secondary lower leg member las, Fig. 17a, slides in the main lowerleg member, and at its lower end is provided with a slot 7a4, and itsupper end articulates with the main thigh member at 765, Fig. 15. Theankle member L is slidably mounted in the lower leg member, and isprovided with a pinZ which projects through the said slot 7a4. Securedto the main lower leg member is a spring detent k6, which is adapted tohold and engage the pin Z when the latter is in a position opposite thedetent portion o-f said spring, as shown in Fig. 13. This will alsohold, as will be readily understood, the ankle member L in a raisedposition with reference to the lower leg member. It will therefore beseen that when the linee of the manikin is flexed, the secondary lowerle member will be raised and lowered witlgi reference to the main lowerleg member. The length of the slide is made such that this lnovement ofthe secondary lower leg member will raise the ankle member L so as topermit the spring 7c to engage the pin Z and hold said ankle member insuch raised position. This slide is made furthermore such that as thesecondary lower leg member is lowered, the upper end of the slide willdisengage the pin Z` from the spring, and permit the ankle member'L todrop by gravitation. i v

Loosely pivoted at m to the forward part of the ankle member L is thefoot member M, Figs, 15 and 19. The lower end of the main lower legmember also extends into the foot member, and is provided with arearwardly placed slot Zag formed upon the arc of a circle having theaxis m as a center, and a pin m passes through the foot member and thisslot. This permits a limited oscillatory movement of the foot member onthe ankle member, as will be readily understood. Such pin and slotengagement permits the heel of the foot member to rise, as shown in Fig.14, when the lower leg member is flexed, thus also simulating themovement in an actual human being. When the leg is in its rearmostposition, the pin Z is out of engagement with the spring 7c". As the legis now moved forward, the lower leg member is flexed and the secondarylower leg member is raised, thus raising the ankle member and effectingthe engagement of the pin Z with'the spring 706. This engagement andraised posit-ion of the foot with reference to the ankle is maintaineduntil the leg reaches a position just preceding its final forwardposition. The secondary lower leg member at this point engages, on itsdownward movement, the pin Z and disengages same, and therefore theankle -member, from the spring k6. At the end of the forward movement ofthe leg, therefore, the footdrops by gravity and assumes a naturalposition on the walk as will be readily understood. There being no rigidconnection between the ankle member and-lower leg member, the rearwardmovement of the leg and natural adjustment of said two parts, arereadily effected.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim and desire to secureby Letters Patent is y 1. The combination with a manikin havingoscillatory leg members; of continuously operating means for actuatingsaid manikin, and including mechanism for effecting the oscillation ofsaid leg members, together with mechanism for intermittently propellingthe manikin.

2. The combination with a manikin having oscillatory leg members;continuously operating means for actuating the manikin; and includingmechanism for effecting the oscillation ot said leg members, togetherwith mechanism connected with said legoscillating mechanism forintermittently propelling the manikin.

3. The combination with a manikin having oscillatory leg members; ashaft and means for continuously rotating same; mechanism connected withsaid shaft for effecting the oscillation of said leg members; andmechanism also connected with said shaft for intermittently propellingthe manikin.

4:. The combination of a box or casing provided with an endless walk; asupporting member mounted so as to move in a path parallel with saidwalk; a manikin having oscillatory leg members and mounted upon saidsupport above said walk; means for eiecting the oscillation of said legmembers; and means adapted to intermittently propel ysaid support andconnected with said legoscillating mechanism.

5. The combination with a suitable box or casing provided with anendless walk; a support mounted in said box or casing so as to have apath of movement parallel with said endless walk; means forintermittently propelling said support; a continuouslyoperable shaft foractuating said means; a manikin having oscillatory leg members andmounted upon said support above said walk; mechanism for oscillatingsaid leg members; said leg-oscillating mechanism connected with saidshaft.

6. Thecombination of a suitable track; a manikin; propelling mechanismincluding an actuating member adapted to intermittently engage saidtrack; means connecting said member and manikin, whereby the latter isintermittently actuated; and means for rendering said member stationarywith reference to said track during the intermissions between suchactuations` of said manikin.

7. The combination of a suitable track; a manikin; propelling mechanismincluding an actuating member adapted to intermittently engagesaidtrack; means connecting said member and manikin whereby the latter isintermittently actuated; and means connected with saidV member adaptedto intermittently engage said track during the intermissions betweensuch actuations of said manikin, whereby the said mechanism is renderedstationary during such intermissions.

8. The combination of a suitable track; a manikin; propelling mechanismincluding a support for the manikin; and a propelling member mountedupon said support and adapted to intermittently engage said track; meansconnecting said member and manikin whereby the latter is intermittentlyactuated; and means for rendering said member stationary with referenceto said track during the intermissions between such actuations of saidmanikin.

9. The combination of a suitable track;a manikin; propelling mechanismincluding a support for the manikin, and a propelling member mountedupon said support; adapted to intermittently engage said track wherebythe manikin is intermittently propelled; and means connected with saidsupport intermit-` tently engaging said track during the intermissionsbetween such actuation of said manikin, whereby said support isrenderedV member secured to the support and mounted above said track;the distance from a horizontal plane passing through the wheels axis tothe lower end of said stopping member being greater than the distancefrom said axis to the flattened port-ion of the periphery, and less thanthe distance from said axis to the circular portion of said periphery;and means connecting said wheel with said manikin.

11. The combination of a circular track; a vertically mounted propellingmember; a horizontal supporting frame loosely mounted on said member;gears for rotating the latter; a horizontal propelling shaft mountedupon said supporting frame; gears connecting said propelling member andshaftwhereby the latter may be rotated; a propelling wheel mounted uponthe outer end of said horizontal propelling shaft and having a flattenedperiphery; a sto ping member connected with said bar and adapted tofrictionally engage said track, the distance from the axis of said wheelto the iiattened portion being such that the lat-ter will be out ofengagement with said ytrack when the stopping member is in suchengagement, and the distance from said axis to the circular portion ofthe wheel being such that when such circular portion is in engagementwith said track; said stopping member will be out of engagementtherewith; a vertical bar ixedly secured to said horizontal bar; areciprocating member mounted on said vertical bar, and a connecting rodarticulating with said wheel and lower end of said reciprocating barrespectively.

12. The combination of a suitable track; a manikin provided with movableleg members and mechanism mounted upon the manikin for actuating same;propelling mechanism including a support for the manikin, a propellingmember mounted upon said support and adapted to intermittently engagesaid track to raise said support and manikin; and means connecting saidmember with said manikin mechanism, whereby the latter is intermittentlypropelled.

13. The combination of a manikin including a trunk-member, leg membersmovably mounted thereon, and mechanism mounted on said trunk member foractuating said leg members, said latter mechanism including tworock-shafts adapted to simultaneously move in opposite directions, andrespectively connected with said leg members; a support for saidmanikin; means for propelling said support; and a verticallyreciprocating member mounted upon said support and co-nnected with saidshafts.

14. The combination of a manikin including a trunk member, and thighmembers mounted upon the latter so as to be oscillatory and at the sametime movable in their longitudinal direction; two rock shafts mounted insaid trunk member and having their outer ends articulating with one ofsaid thigh members respectively; and means for oscillating said twoshafts in opposite directions simultaneously. Y

15. In a manikin, the combination of propelling mechanism; a trunkmember; movable leg members; mechanism for actuating the leg members; ahead and shoulder member oscillatory in a plane transverse with respectto the direction of propulsion of the manikin; and mechanism foreffecting such head and shoulder oscillation.

16. In a manikin, the combination of a trunk member; leg members mountedthere- .on so as to be oscillatory; mechanism for effecting suchoscillation; a head and shoulder member carrying the arms of the manikinand pivotally mounted upon said trunk so as to be oscillatory in a planetransverse with respect to the planes of oscillation of the leg members;and means connected with said leg operating mechanism for efecting suchoscillation of the head and shoulder member; and propelling mechanismconnected with said leg oscillating mechanism.

17. In a manikin, the combination of a trunk-member; thigh membersmounted so as to be oscillatory and at the same time movable in theirlongitudinal direction; mechanism mounted in said trunk member foreecting the oscillation of said leg members in opposite directionssimultaneously; a head and shoulder member carrying the arms of themanikin, pivotally mounted upon said trunk member, and adapted to beoscillated in a plane transverse with respect to the planes ofoscillation ofsaid leg members; means for effecting such oscillation;propelling mechanism adapted to move the manikin forward, means mountedupon said propelling mechanism for operating said leg actuatingmechanism; and means connecting the latter with said head and shouldermember for effecting the movement of the latter upon its axis ofoscillation.

18. In a manikin, the combination of a trunk member; a thigh membermounted upon said trunk member so as to be oscillatory and at the sametime movable in its longitudinal direction; an oscillatory arm mountedin said trunk member and articulating with said leg member above theaxis of oscillation of the latter; means for effecting the oscilla-tionof said arm; a lower leg member mounted on said thigh member, and a footand ankle member mounted on said lower leg member; said thigh memberincluding a reciprocating member having its lower end articulating withthe lower leg member, the latter articulating with the lower end of themain thigh member.

19. In a manikin, the combination of a lower leg member, a foot member,and an ankle member; said lower leg member comprising a main member anda secondary member slidable therein, the said main member being providedwith a detent device adapted to engage the secondary member; the lattermember movably engaging the ankle member; said foot member articulatingwith the ankle member and oscillatory thereon; the main lower leg memberengaging said foot member so as to limit its oscillation.

20. In a manikin, the combination of a lower leg member, a foot member,and an ankle member; said lower leg member comprising a main member anda secondary member slidable therein, the latter member being providedwith a slot, and the main member with a spring adjacent thereto; saidankle member being slidably mounted in the lower part of the main lowerleg member and provided with a pin projecting into said slot, saidspring adapted to engage said pin when the ankle member is in a raisedposition; said foot member articulating with the ankle member andoscillatory thereon; i

said main lower leg member engaging said foot member so as to limit itsoscillation in both directions.

21. In a manikin, the combination of a trunk member; an oscillatory armmounted thereon; a main thigh member mounted upon the trunk member so asto be oscillatory and at the same time movable in the longitudinaldirection thereof; said thigh member articulating with said oscillatoryi end articulating with the lower end of they main thigh member, andalso articulating with the said secondary thigh' member; a l

secondary lower leg member slidably mounted in the main lower legmember, and having its upper end articulating with the main thighmember; an ankle member slidably mounted in the main lower leg memberand movably connected with the secondary lower leg member; said anklemember and lower leg member being connected; means for periodicallyefecting the connection and disconnection of said ankle member with saidmain lower leg member; and a foot member oscillatorily mounted upon saidankle member;

22. In a manikin, the combination of a trunk member; an oscillatory armmounted thereon; a main thigh member mounted upon the trunk-member so asto be oscillatory and at the same time movable in the longitudinaldirection thereof; said thigh member articulating with said oscillatoryarm above its own axis of oscillation; a secondary thigh member slidablymounted in said main thigh member, and formed near its upper end with aslot intersecting its rear edge; a pin xedly secured to the main thighmember and adapted to engage said slot; a spring iXedly secured to saidtrunk member, connected with said secondary thigh member, and adaptedwhen said thigh member is in a rearwardly projecting position todisconnect said secondary thigh member from said pin; a lower leg memberhaving its upper end articulating with the lower end o the main thighmember, and at the rear portion thereof, and also articulating at apoint in advance of the connec tion at the rear of said thigh memberwith the lower end of said secondary thigh member; a secondary lower legmember slidably mounted in the main lower leg member, having its upperend articulating with the lower end of the main thigh member, and havinga slot in its lower end; an ankle member slidably mounted in the lowerend of the main lower leg member, and provided with a pin projectingthrough the slot in said secondary lower leg member; a spring mountedupon the main lower leg member and adapted to engage said pin when theankle member is in a raised position; and a foot member having an axisof oscillation upon the lower and forward part of the ankle member; thelower end of the main lower leg member being provided with a slot, andsaid foot member provided with a pin projecting through said slot, thelatter being located at the rear of said main lower leg member.

Signed by me, this 1st day of July, 1910. HORACE A. MANN. Attested by4JAMES K. LAUHER, JAMES E. TANNER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner ot Patents, Washington, D. C.

